pencemaran tanah (Soil pollution)

It said soil pollution due to soil contamination is the meaning of the state where it has broken ground in the context of another infertile due to certain wastes that can harm organisms around it. This contamination usually occurs due to leakage of liquid waste, natural or chemical factorsSoil quality can be reduced due to the process of erosion by flowing water sehinggakesuburannya will be reduced. In addition, deteriorating soil quality can be caused juaga solid waste landfills.According to sources, solid waste derived from household waste (domestic), industrial and natural (plant). As for the type, waste can be divided into organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste from the remains of living things, such as leaves, dead animals, and paper. The inorganic waste is usually derived from industrial waste, such as plastics, metals and cans.Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. The inorganic waste is not easily destroyed and can degrade soil quality.
 What material is said to be polluting the soil?A material is said to soil contaminants if it is material or material of organic and inorganic wastes harmful organisms in the soil. For example:1. Inorganic materials that can not be broken down by bacteria, such as plastic waste.2. Liquid wastes such as detergents, if seep into the ground will damage the water content of the soil and kill bacterial decomposition3. Industrial waste, such as leftover paper processing, fish, and meat.4. Wastewater produced by industrial metal coatings, such as arsenic, lead. Every industry should have a waste treatment plant to process waste before disposal overboard.5. Agricultural waste, like the rest of urea fertilizer and pesticide use eradication of pests, such as DDT. So that the soil is not contaminated by waste urea, petanui should limit the use of this fertilizer.Concrete facts of soil contaminationWe all know that Indonesia is a country that is very rich in natural resources. One such property, Indonesia has very fertile land in the region because it is a young age, so that in it there are many volcanoes are capable of restoring the surface of a rich young again nutrients.But over time, the fertility of the land owned by Indonesia are not used according to the rules that apply without regard to the long-term impact resulting from the processing of the land.One of them, the implementation of development in the country undeniably has caused a positive impact on the wider community, such as the construction and mining industries has created new job opportunities for residents in the vicinity. But the success was often followed by a negative adverse impact society and the environment.Industrial estate development in agricultural areas and surrounding agricultural area cause a reduction, pollution of soil and water bodies which can reduce the quality and quantity of results / agricultural products, the disruption of the comfort and health of humans or other living things. While mining activities causing soil damage, erosion and sedimentation, as well as drought. Damage caused by mining activities are changed or lost form the Earth's surface, especially the mining is done openly leaving large holes in the surface of the earth. To obtain the ore, peeled and ground excavated using heavy equipment. The managers of mining left the area mined by without doing the rehabilitation or reclamation.DISCUSSIONSoil contamination is a state in which man-made chemicals enter and modify the natural soil environment. This contamination usually occurs because: leakage of liquid waste or industrial chemicals or commercial facilities; pesticide use; influx of contaminated ground water into the sub-surface layer; accident vehicles carrying oil, chemicals, or waste, water waste from landfills and industrial wastes are directly discharged into the ground are not eligible (illegal dumping).When a substance is hazardous / toxic has polluted the soil surface, then it can evaporate, and the rain washed away or into the ground. Pollution that goes into the ground and then terendap as toxic chemicals in the soil. Toxic substances in the soil can have a direct impact to humans when in contact or can contaminate ground water and the air above it.Due to the impact Brought Soil PollutionVarious impacts caused by land pollution, including:1. On healthThe impact of pollution on the health of the soil depends on the type of pollutant, pathway into the body and the vulnerability of the affected population. Chromium, a wide range of pesticides and herbicides are carcinogenic materials for all populations. This is particularly dangerous in children, because it can cause brain damage, and kidney damage in the entire population.Chronic exposure (continuous) to benzene at a certain concentration can increase the chances of developing leukemia. Mercury (mercury) and siklodiena known to cause kidney damage, some can not even be treated. PCB and siklodiena related to liver toxicity. Karmabat organophosphate and may cause neuromuscular disorders. Various solvents containing chlorine stimulates changes in the liver and kidneys and central nervous system decline. There are several types of health effects that looked like headache, dizziness, fatigue, eye irritation and skin rashes to exposure to chemicals mentioned above. What is clear, in large doses, can cause soil contamination Death.2. On EcosystemsSoil pollution can also have an impact on the ecosystem. Radical changes in soil chemical that can arise from the presence of toxic chemicals / hazardous even at low doses though. These changes can lead to changes in the metabolism of endemic microorganisms and arthropods that live in the soil environment. As a result, it can even destroy some of the primary species food chain, which can give a great result against predators or other levels of the food chain. Even if the effect of the chemical on the bottom of the lower forms of life, the bottom of the food pyramid can ingest foreign chemicals that will eventually concentrated on residents creatures pyramid above. Many of these effects are seen at this time, as the concentration of DDT in birds causes eggshell fragility, increased seedling mortality rate and the possible loss of the species.Impacts on agriculture, especially plant metabolic changes that could eventually lead to declining crop yields. This can lead to further impacts on the conservation of plants where the plant is not able to hold the layers of soil erosion. Some of these pollutants has a long half-life and in other cases derivative chemicals are formed from the main soil pollutants.Handling To DoThere are several steps to reduce the impact handlers posed by soil contamination. Among them:1. RemediationRemediation is an activity to clean up contaminated soil surface. There are two types of soil remediation, ie in-situ (or on-site) and ex-situ (or off-site). Cleaning is a cleaning on-site at the location. This cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation.Cleaning off-site includes excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After it in a safe area, the land was cleared of contaminants. The trick is, the land is kept in the tub / watertight tank, then pumped into a tub of cleaning agents / the tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the basin which is then processed by the wastewater treatment facility. Off-site cleaning is far more expensive and complicated.2. BioremediationBioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic materials or non-toxic (carbon dioxide and water).ConclusionSoil contamination is a state where it has broken ground in the context of another infertile due to certain wastes that can harm organisms around it. The soil contamination caused by sewage, human, natural or chemical factors.There are several ways to reduce the impact of soil contamination, including the remediation and bioremidiasi.